What is Shatkarma? 6 Types of Body Cleansing Techniques in Shatkarma
Yoga is vital for holistic health, and Shatkarma, comprising six purification techniques, plays a pivotal role. These practices cleanse the body internally and purify it in six ways. Shatkarma is integral in Ayurveda for maintaining the balance of the three doshas—Vata, Pitta, and Kapha—crucial for overall well-being. It addresses various diseases linked to these doshas.
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What is Shatkarma?
Shatkarma, derived from “Shat” (six) and “Karma” (action), encompasses six special actions or Kriya referred as Shatkriya for body purification. According to Maharishi Gherand, these actions are fundamental for success in the yogic path, as they pave the way for physical and mental purification.
Shatkarma refers to a set of six purification techniques in traditional Hatha Yoga. The term “Shatkarma” is derived from the combination of two Sanskrit words: “Shat,” meaning “six,” and “Karma,” meaning “action” or “process.” These practices are designed to purify the body and mind, preparing practitioners for higher levels of yogic practices such as Pranayama (breath control) and meditation.
Shatkarma in Hatha Yogic Pradipika
Yogi Svatmarama’s Hatha Yoga Pradipika emphasizes the importance of Shatkarma, stating that internal toxins must be eliminated before engaging in practices like Pranayama. The text underlines the significance of Shatkarmas in preparing the body for advanced yogic steps.
Some shlokas describing the importance of Shatkarma are as follows –
कर्म षटकमिदं गोप्यं घटशोधनकारकम्।
विचित्रगुणसंधायि पूज्यते योगिपुंगवैः।।
Meaning:
The elimination of internal toxins is achievable only after the body undergoes purification. This process is considered a crucial step before engaging in Pranayama, as the presence of toxins in the Nadis can hinder the practice of Sadhana.
मलाकुलासुनाडीषु मारुतो नैव मध्यगः।
कथं स्यादुन्मनीभावः कार्यसिद्धिकथ्थं भवेत्।।
Meaning:
Upon purification of the Nadi, the yogi gains the capability to practice pranayama.
धौतिर्बस्तिस्तथा नेतिस्त्राटकं नौलिकं तथा।
कपालभातिश्चैतानि षटकर्माणि प्रचक्षते।।
Meaning:
Dhauti, Basti, Neti, Trataka, Nauli, and Kapalbhati constitute the six actions through which the body undergoes purification.
6 Types of Body Cleansing Techniques in Shatkarma
The six Shatkarmas include Dhauti (digestive tract cleansing), Basti (large intestine toning), Neti (nasal passage purification), Nauli (abdominal organ massage), Trataka (eye exercise), and Kapalbhati (breathing for brain purification).
Dhauti (Cleansing):
Types: Vamana Dhauti (induced vomiting), Vastra Dhauti (cleaning the digestive system with a cloth).
How to Perform:
- Vamana Dhauti: Mix lemon and rock salt in warm water, drink it, and induce vomiting by putting fingers in the throat.
- Vastra Dhauti: Soak a 21-feet-long cloth in water, twist it, and swallow it. Pull it out to clean the digestive system.
Basti (Enema):
How to Perform:
- Sit in a pool of water and use Uddiyana Bandha (abdominal lock) to draw water into the rectum.
- Expel the water after the practice.
Neti (Nasal Cleansing):
Types: Jal Neti (using saline water), Sutra Neti (using a thread or rubber catheter).
How to Perform:
- Jal Neti: Use a Neti pot to pour lukewarm saline water through one nostril and let it flow out of the other.
- Sutra Neti: Insert a lubricated rubber catheter through the nostrils and gently move it back and forth.
Nauli (Abdominal Massage):
How to Perform:
- Stand at a 45-degree angle with hands on knees.
- Isolate and rotate the muscles of the abdominal region, creating a rolling motion.
Trataka (Concentration):
How to Perform:
- Sit comfortably and gaze at a fixed point or object without blinking.
- Maintain focus until tears are shed, then close the eyes and concentrate on the afterimage.
Kapalbhati (Frontal Brain Cleansing):
How to Perform:
- Sit comfortably with a straight spine.
- Inhale passively, and forcefully exhale by contracting the abdominal muscles.
- Focus on quick exhalations, allowing passive inhalations.
Benefits of Shatkarma
Shatkarma offers numerous benefits, such as balancing doshas, increasing concentration, purifying the body internally, and strengthening bones and immunity. It positively impacts brain health, energy levels, and overall well-being.
Balances Doshas:
Shatkarma helps balance the three doshas (Vata, Pitta, and Kapha) in the body, promoting overall health and preventing diseases.
Enhances Concentration:
Regular practice of Shatkarma increases mental focus and concentration, contributing to improved cognitive function.
Internal Purification:
Shatkarma purifies the body internally by removing toxins, promoting better digestion, and enhancing the functioning of various organs.
Strengthens Bones:
The practice of Shatkarma supports the elimination of toxins, leading to stronger bones and an improved skeletal system.
Hormonal Balance:
Shatkarma helps balance hormones, contributing to better overall hormonal health and well-being.
Boosts Immunity:
Regular Shatkarma practice strengthens the immune system, making the body more resilient to infections and diseases.
Positive Energy:
Shatkarma provides a positive energy experience, uplifting the practitioner’s mood and promoting a sense of well-being.
Brain Health:
The frontal brain cleansing aspect of Shatkarma, especially Kapalbhati, is beneficial for brain health and memory power.
Freedom from Negative Energy:
Regular practice helps release negative energy, promoting mental clarity, and creating a more positive mindset.
Disease Prevention:
Shatkarma is believed to prevent and alleviate various diseases related to the digestive, respiratory, and nervous systems.
Improved Focus:
The practice of Shatkarma enhances focus and attention, contributing to better performance in daily activities.
Relief from Ailments:
Shatkarma practices provide relief from stomach-related ailments, respiratory issues, and other health conditions.
Increased Energy Level:
The energy level of the body is heightened through the regular practice of Shatkarma, promoting overall vitality.
Organ Purification:
Shatkarma purifies all organs of the body, ensuring their optimal functioning and preventing the onset of diseases.
Holistic Well-being:
The combined effects of physical and mental purification contribute to the holistic well-being of the practitioner.
Precautions Before Practicing Shatkarma
While Shatkarmas are beneficial, practicing them requires caution. Seek guidance from a yoga expert, as self-practice without proper knowledge can be harmful. Understand your body’s abilities, maintain a pure diet, and consult a doctor if needed. Shatkarmas should be learned from a trained yoga guru to ensure safe and effective practice.
Before practicing Shatkarma, it’s crucial to observe certain precautions to ensure a safe and effective experience. Here are some precautions to keep in mind:
Knowledge and Guidance:
Obtain proper knowledge of Shatkarma techniques before attempting to practice them. Seek guidance from an experienced yoga instructor or guru to ensure correct execution.
Body Awareness:
Understand your body’s abilities, limitations, and tendencies. Consider your health condition and whether you have any existing medical concerns. If you have any health issues, consult with a doctor before practicing Shatkarma.
Dietary Precautions:
Maintain a pure and sattvic diet before practicing Shatkarma. Avoid consuming tamasic foods, and ensure your body is adequately nourished to support the practices.
Avoid Solo Practice:
Shatkarmas involve specific techniques that may require supervision, especially for beginners. Avoid practicing Shatkarma alone, and seek the guidance of a qualified yoga teacher.
Consultation with a Doctor:
If you have any pre-existing medical conditions or ailments, consult with a healthcare professional before incorporating Shatkarma into your routine.
Precautions for Each Shatkarma:
Different Shatkarmas have specific precautions. Learn about these precautions before attempting any technique. For example, certain techniques may not be suitable for individuals with specific health conditions.
Gradual Progression:
Progress gradually in your practice. Do not push yourself beyond your limits, especially if you are a beginner. Gradual progression helps the body adapt to the cleansing techniques.
Avoid Force:
Shatkarmas are meant to be performed with ease and awareness. Avoid using excessive force during the practices, as this may lead to injury or strain.
Teacher’s Supervision:
If possible, practice Shatkarma under the supervision of an experienced yoga teacher. This ensures that you receive real-time feedback and corrections.
Avoid during Illness:
Refrain from practicing Shatkarma during illness or when your body is weak. Wait until you have fully recovered before resuming these practices.
Pregnancy Precautions:
Pregnant women should avoid certain Shatkarmas. Consult with a healthcare professional and an experienced yoga instructor to determine which practices are safe during pregnancy.
Hydration:
Maintain proper hydration, especially during practices like Dhauti. Drinking sufficient water helps in the smooth execution of certain techniques.
FAQs on “What is Shatkarma? 6 Types of Body Cleansing Techniques in Shatkarma”
What Are The 6 Shatkarmas?
The 6 Shatkarmas are specific yogic practices aimed at purifying the body. They include Dhauti (cleansing), Basti (colon cleansing), Neti (nasal cleansing), Nauli (abdominal massage), Trataka (gazing), and Kapalbhati (frontal brain cleansing).
What Is Meant by Shatkarma?
Shatkarma, literally translating to “six actions” in Sanskrit, refers to a set of purification techniques in Hatha Yoga. These practices focus on cleansing the body and mind to prepare for higher yogic endeavors.
What Are the Benefits of Shatkarma Yoga?
Shatkarma yoga provides a range of benefits, including physical purification, mental clarity, enhanced concentration, balanced doshas (Vata, Pitta, Kapha), strengthened immunity, improved digestion, and an overall sense of well-being.
What Is the Shatkarma in Ayurveda?
In Ayurveda, Shatkarma involves six purification methods that help balance the three doshas (Vata, Pitta, Kapha) and address various health issues. These techniques contribute to holistic well-being and disease prevention.
How To Perform Shatkarma?
Shatkarmas require specific techniques for each practice. Detailed instructions and demonstrations should be learned under the guidance of an experienced yoga instructor to ensure correct execution and maximum benefit.
What Are the Steps of Shatkarma?
The steps for each Shatkarma vary. For instance, Neti involves nasal cleansing with saline water, while Kapalbhati focuses on forceful abdominal breathing. It’s crucial to follow precise steps for each technique.
Who Should Perform Shatkarma?
Shatkarmas are suitable for individuals seeking purification of the body and mind through yogic practices. Beginners and those with specific health conditions should consult with a yoga instructor before starting.
Which Is the Best Time to Perform Shatkarma?
Shatkarmas are generally practiced in the early morning on an empty stomach. The specific timing may vary based on individual routines, but the morning is often recommended for optimal results.
Who Should Not Practice Shatkarma?
Individuals with certain health conditions, pregnant women, or those recovering from recent surgeries should avoid or modify specific Shatkarmas. Consulting with a healthcare professional and experienced yoga instructor is essential.
Is Shatkarma A Pranayama?
Shatkarma is not pranayama; it consists of six physical and purification techniques. Pranayama focuses on breath control and is a distinct aspect of yogic practices. Kapalbhati is a technique in shatkarma that represents purification of breath.
What Is the Difference Between Shatkarma and Panchakarma?
Shatkarma involves six yogic purification techniques, whereas Panchakarma is a comprehensive Ayurvedic detoxification program with five therapeutic actions for cleansing and rejuvenation.
What Is the Origin of Shatkarma?
Shatkarma finds its origin in ancient yogic texts like Hatha Yoga Pradipika and Gheranda Samhita, where these techniques are integral components of Hatha Yoga.
Which Kriya Comes Under Shatkarma?
Nauli is one of the kriyas that fall under Shatkarma. It entails an abdominal massage and is considered an advanced yogic practice.
What Are the Benefits of Shatkarma Yoga?
The benefits of Shatkarma yoga encompass improved digestion, a strengthened immune system, heightened mental clarity, increased energy, balanced doshas, and the overall purification of the body and mind.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Shatkarma stands as a profound set of yogic practices designed to purify both the body and mind. Rooted in ancient yogic wisdom, these six purification techniques—Dhauti, Basti, Neti, Nauli, Trataka, and Kapalbhati—offer a holistic approach to well-being. The benefits span physical, mental, and spiritual dimensions, including enhanced digestion, strengthened immunity, improved concentration, and a sense of overall purification.
Shatkarma plays a pivotal role in preparing the practitioner for more advanced yogic disciplines, emphasizing the importance of guidance from experienced instructors. Embracing the essence of Shatkarma, individuals embark on a transformative journey, cleansing not only the physical body but also paving the way for a clearer and more balanced state of mind.
References
- Mallinson, James; Singleton, Mark (2017). Roots of Yoga. Penguin Books. pp. xxviii–xxxii, 46, 49–50, 71–79. ISBN 978-0-241-25304-5. OCLC 928480104.
- Shatkarmas – Cleansing Techniques, in Yoga Magazine, a publication of Bihar School of Yoga
- Muktibodhananda, Swami. (1985). Hatha Yoga Pradipika. New Delhi India: Thomson Press India, for The Yoga Publications Trust.
- These techniques and their practice are outlined in considerable detail by Swami Rama in his two volume set:
Rama, Swami. (1988). Path of Fire and Light, Volume I: Advanced Practices of Yoga; Volume II: A Practical Companion to Volume I. Honesdale, Pennsylvania. Himalayan Institute Press.